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Its decision making structure includes the office of Remembrancer, the Court of Aldermen, the Lord Mayor and the Court of Common Council. The City of London Corporation acts in the interest of the financial services industry and its residents. The modern-day City is run by The Corporation, Britain’s oldest local government, and has its own city hall, its own Mayor called the Lord Mayor of London, its own police force, its own laws, flag and coat of arms. Nonetheless, The City kept its privileges to modern times. Outside the London Wall, nearby towns grew and merged, eventually becoming known collectively as London. The Tower of London was built right outside its walls, and a new capital, Westminster, was established nearby. This historic event started the thousand-year long tradition of monarchs accepting the City of London as a unique place, governed by its own body and laws, while simultaneously keeping a close eye on it. In exchange for recognising him as King of England, the City of London struck a financial deal to keep its liberties. The City became the headquarter of the powerful merchants and guilds, and in 1075 it was given a special charter of rights and privileges by William the Conqueror who could not get across London Bridge. This area has been known as ‘Alsatia’, like the area in Europe where France meets Germany as it’s where London (the City) meets Westminster. Temple Bar, a stand alone gate, becomes the western boundary. Under the Normans, the City of London expands over the Roman Wall, bursting those old Roman western boundaries over the Fleet River in a westerly direction to what is today Fleet Street. They endured numerous Viking attacks and occupations until the Norman conquest. Anglo-Saxon England was divided into small kingdoms, with London coming under the Kingdoms of Essex, Mercia, and Wessex. It is believed they had a settlement about one mile away, stretching from the Strand in Covent Garden to the area where the National Gallery is today. For the first 1,000 years of its existence the Fleet River and the Roman Wall – which ran along the the east bank, formed the western boundary of the City.Īfter the Romans, Londinium came under Anglo-Saxon rule. This Roman Wall has played a key role in history because the City fought for hundreds of years to keep its original boundaries, rights and privileges within it. As the town grew into an essential port and crossing point over the Thames, the Romans built a defensive wall, which is known as the London Wall. The Romans established the settlement of Londinium in 47 AD as a trading post that became the capital of Roman Britain and an important commercial centre. 7.3 Fabulous Fleet Street City of London History